Fasting glucose and its association with 20-year all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Chinese general population

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between fasting glucose levels and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Chinese population.MethodsThe role of fasting blood glucose levels as a predictor of all-cause and cause-specific mortality was estimated in 9930 participants from four Chinese general populations with a 20-year follow-up. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the relationship between fasting glucose and mortality.ResultsThere were 1471 deaths after a median follow-up of 20.2 years (a total of 187,374 person-years), including 310 cardiovascular deaths, 581 cancer deaths, and 580 other-cause deaths. After adjustment for age, sex, urban or rural, northern or southern of China, types of work, education level, physical exercise, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol at baseline, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality in the fasting blood glucose categories of <60, 60–69, 70–79, 90–99, 100–109, 110–125, and ≥126 mg/dl were 1.38 (1.04–1.84), 1.20 (1.01–1.43), 1.18 (1.03–1.36), 1.18 (0.99–1.41), 1.48 (1.16–1.88), 1.17 (0.84–1.62), and 2.23 (1.72–2.90), respectively, in contrast to the reference group (80–89 mg/dl). The HRs and 95% CIs for cardiovascular disease mortality in these groups were 2.58 (1.44–4.61), 1.41 (0.95–2.10), 1.56 (1.15–2.11), 1.29 (0.88–1.89), 1.36 (0.78–2.37), 1.05 (0.52–2.11), and 2.73 (1.64–4.56), respectively.ConclusionsBoth low and high fasting glucose were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Chinese general population.     

2018 European Conference on Donor Health and Management

The third European Conference on Donor Health and Management (ECDHM) was held in Copenhagen from 5th to 7th September 2018 and was co‐organised by the ECDHM committees and European Blood Alliance. This is an international conference with a focus on ‘donor health’, including donors of blood, organs and other substances of human origin, and remains the only conference focusing exclusively on donor medicine. This overview presents a selection of research topics in relation to iron, the keynote speeches and plenary talks. The keynote speeches cover the epidemiology of donors and recipients, whole‐blood donor recruitment and retention and the safety of donors and recipients of plasma and plasma products. Talks from the plenary speakers reviewed modern multi‐omic approaches to study red cell quality and the central, perennial question of what motivates a donor to give blood and how can this be encouraged.     

Haemodynamic profiles of etomidate vs propofol for induction of anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Background

Etomidate is frequently selected over propofol for induction of anaesthesia because of a putatively favourable haemodynamic profile, but data confirming this perception are limited.

Impact of whole egg intake on blood pressure,lipids and lipoproteins in middle-aged and older population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and aimEffects of whole egg consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk in the middle-aged and older population remain unclear due to inconsistent findings from observational and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impacts of whole egg and egg category (whole eggs versus egg substitutes) intake quantity on CVD risk factors from systematically searched RCTs. Egg substitutes were hypothesized to have minimal effects of the blood lipid and lipoprotein profile as they are void of dietary cholesterol.Methods and resultsAs many as 434 studies identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Medline (Ovid) databases were screened and data were extracted from 8 selected RCTs. Quality of the selected studies were assessed and the overall effect sizes of weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated using a random effects model. Non-differential effects in blood pressures, lipids and lipoproteins were observed when >4 whole eggs/week compared to ≤4 whole eggs/week were consumed. Intake of >4 whole eggs/week compared to equivalent amounts of egg substitutes caused greater elevations in blood total cholesterol (WMD: 0.198 mmol/L; 95% CIs: 0.056, 0.339), HDL cholesterol (WMD: 0.068 mmol/L; 95% CIs: 0.006, 0.130) and LDL cholesterol (WMD: 0.171 mmol/L; 95% CIs: 0.028, 0.315) but did not differentially affect triglycerides concentration.ConclusionOverall, the results support the notion that quantity of whole egg intake does not affect CVD risk factors and consuming egg substitutes may also be beneficial compared to whole eggs on lowering CVD risk in the middle-aged and older population.     

OSA相关性高血压患者的隐匿性及降压思路探讨

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSA)是高血压的独立危险因素,因其作为病因易被忽视,故OSA相关性高血压患者常被漏诊而贻误治疗。采用《高血压患者睡眠呼吸暂停认知调研表》了解高血压患者对OSA的认知情况;通过分析OSA相关性高血压的隐匿性、临床特点及相关发病机制,探讨该病的降压思路。认为对此类患者在尝试生活方式调摄降压效果不佳后,应建议其暂缓选择西药直接降压,尝试优先选择中药缓解OSA症状,同时采用持续气道正压通气(CPAP)改善通气状况,从而调节血压、恢复血压的正常昼夜节律。     

Racial differences in hemoglobin and plasma volume variation: implications for muscle performance and recovery

Objective: To examine the effect of race differences on sprint performance, Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (Ht) and plasma volume (PV) variation in response to repeated sprint exercise.

Design: Thirty-six healthy, moderately trained men and women (20.8?±?0.2 year-old) volunteered to participate in this study. They were allocated to one of the four groups according to their gender and race: Black men’s group (BM, n?=?9), White men’s group (WM, n?=?9), Black women’s group (BW, n?=?9) and White women’s group (WW, n?=?9). All participants performed the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST), which consists of six?35-m sprints with 10 s of recovery in-between. Six venous blood samples were collected to determine Hb, Ht and PV levels at rest, after warm-up, immediately post- and at 5, 15 and 30 min post-RAST. Blood lactate is also sampled during the 3rd minutes of recovery.

Results: The best running time was significantly shorter (P?=?.002) in BW compared to WW. We have observed significantly higher Hb (P?=?.010) and Ht (P?=?.004) levels in BW compared to WW during the 5th minute of recovery. During RAST, the PV decreased significantly (P?=?.007) in WM only. Black groups had lower (P?<?.05) lactate levels compared to the white subjects. During recovery, PV increase was significantly (P?=?.003) higher in WW compared to BW during the 5th minute of recovery.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that sprint and repeated sprint performances were different between white and black women. Differences in anaerobic performance between the groups were associated with racial differences in lactate levels and blood count among women’s group during recovery time. Hence, it is important to take into account this race-related difference in hematological parameters in responses to intense efforts.     

通脉降脂饮对痰瘀互阻型动脉粥样斑块稳定性的影响

目的:观察通脉降脂饮治疗痰瘀互阻型动脉粥样硬化患者的临床疗效,探讨通脉降脂饮干预动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的可能机制。方法:选取2018年1-12月在佛山市禅城区人民医院门诊就诊或健康体检的急性心脑血管事件后2周的患者175例,随机分为对照组86例和观察组89例,对照组口服阿司匹林肠溶片、辛伐他汀分散片治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加服通脉降脂饮,日1剂,两组疗程均为6个月。观察两组患者临床疗效及相关指标变化情况。结果:对照组有效率为83.72%,观察组有效率为93.26%,两组有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前血清超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、金属基质蛋白酶9(Matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP-9)、血同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后两组血清Hs-CRP、MMP-9、Hcy与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组急性心脑血管事件后血清Hs-CRP、MMP-9、Hcy与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);急性心脑血管事件后血清Hs-CRP、MMP-9、Hcy组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组急性心脑血管事件发生率为23.26%,治疗组急性心脑血管事件发生率为11.24%,两组急性心脑血管事件发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组均未发生死亡、肝肾异常等病例。结论:通脉降脂饮可以降低动脉粥样硬化患者血清Hs-CRP、MMP-9、Hcy,减少急性心脑血管事件的发生。